In order to identify human genes regulating SARS-CoV-2 replication, the "Interferon and Antiviral Restriction" team led by Caroline Goujon performed genome-wide KO and activation screens in Calu-3 lung cells and KO screens in Caco-2 colorectal cells, followed by secondary screens in four human cell lines. This revealed host-dependency factors, including AP1G1 and AP1B1 adaptins and ATP8B1 flippase, as well as inhibitors including mucins.
Interestingly, some of the identified genes also modulate Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and seasonal human coronavirus replication. Moreover, most genes had an impact on viral entry, with AP1G1 likely regulating TMPRSS2 activity at the plasma membrane.
